An appositive phrase is a phrase that renames the subject of the sentence. For example, the highlighted phrase in the sentence below is an appositive phrase because it renames the subject:.
Kate, an only child , demands a lot of attention. There are two types of appositive phrases: restrictive and nonrestrictive. A restrictive appositive phrase is one that is necessary to the meaning of the sentence. The sentence below, however, contains a restrictive appositive:.
The opera singer Maria Callas had myopia. In this case, the appositive is restrictive because it is necessary for the reader to know which opera singer had myopia. What is the difference between 'complement' and 'compliment'? What is a sentence fragment? Using Inclusive Language. Do you need a comma after an adverbial infinitive phrase?
Do I need to use a comma with list items? Should I use a comma after an introductory adverb like "apparently"? Here are some sentences, can you spot where the comma should be placed? Introductory phrases are similar to introductory clauses but are not complete clauses because they do not have both a verb and a subject.
For example:. Quite simply, all our proofreaders carry all of these grammatical rules in their heads and they will apply them to the manuscripts they check. Introductory Phrases Introductory phrases and clauses pretty much do what they say do. What is an introductory clause? Having just returned from work Julie was not in the mood for an argument about the washing up. An introductory phrase is not a complete clause; it does not have a subject and a verb of its own.
Galloping quickly , the horse reached the other side of the pasture in less than a minute. Because the horse was galloping quickly , he reached the other side of the pasture in less than a minute. Each type serves a distinct purpose within the sentence. In an introductory prepositional phrase , the sentence starts with a preposition and a few words that follow it. The prepositional phrase adds information to the main clause, often about a location or timing.
To use it properly, you need to use a comma after the introductory prepositional phrase to set it apart from the rest of the sentence if the phrase is longer than four words. You can see the proper punctuation in these examples:. If an introductory prepositional phrase is made up of fewer than five words and does not require a pause, the comma is optional.
It is correct to use a comma and also correct to leave it out, as you can see in the example below:. Using an introductory infinitive phrase also provides information to the reader, often about why something is happening. These phrases also provide location and other helpful information.
It may also include a direct object of the verb. You should always use a comma after an introductory infinitive phrase, as you can see in these examples:. A participial phrase is another form of verb phrase. Like an infinitive phrase, it may have a direct object. It sets the stage for the main clause, allowing the reader to understand the context of what is happening.
0コメント